Question 1

Is an electronic signature valid without a notary?

Accepted Answer

For most commercial contracts, yes. Under the eIDAS Regulation, electronic signatures are legally binding across all EU countries without notarial involvement. Exceptions include real estate transfers and certain notarial deeds.

Question 2

What is the difference between simple, advanced and qualified signatures?

Accepted Answer

A simple electronic signature (SES) is a basic e-signature. An advanced signature (AdES) is uniquely linked to the signatory and detectable if tampered. A qualified signature (QES) has the same legal effect as a handwritten signature under eIDAS Art. 25(2).

Question 3

Is eIDAS valid outside the EU?

Accepted Answer

eIDAS is an EU regulation covering all EU and EEA countries. For non-EU countries, validity depends on local legislation — most developed countries recognise electronic signatures but conditions differ.

Question 4

When is a notarised signature required?

Accepted Answer

Notarisation is typically required for real estate purchase agreements, wills and some powers of attorney. For ordinary commercial contracts, NDAs, employment contracts and invoices, a notary is not required.

Is my e-signature legally valid?

Questions about signature validity

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