Qualified Electronic Signature (QES)

What is Qualified Electronic Signature (QES)?

A Qualified Electronic Signature (QES) is the most legally robust form of electronic signature defined by the EU's eIDAS Regulation. It is an advanced electronic signature that is additionally created by a qualified electronic signature creation device (QSCD) and based on a qualified certificate for electronic signatures issued by a qualified trust service provider.

QES is the only type of electronic signature that is automatically recognized as equivalent to a handwritten signature across all EU member states. While other forms of electronic signatures can still be legally valid, their legal effect may be determined differently by each member state's national law. A QES removes this ambiguity — it must be accepted everywhere in the EU.

Obtaining a QES typically requires the signer to undergo identity verification by a qualified trust service provider. This can involve in-person identification, video identification, or other recognized methods. The qualified certificate is then stored on a secure device or in a secure cloud environment that meets strict technical requirements.

QES is commonly required for real estate transactions, certain government filings, notarial acts, and other documents where maximum legal certainty is essential. While it provides the highest level of assurance, the additional verification steps can add friction to the signing process.